Cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog ib pab pawg loj ntawm ntau hom hlau, koom ua ke los ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib xws. Vim tias nws yog qhov dav heev, nws yog kev coj los faib nws rau cov pawg sib cais.
Cov pab pawg ntawm cov hlau tsis raws cai yog li muaj npe raws li txwv tsis pub lwm pawg loj, uas tau ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis haum.
Cov-xim hlau
Ferrous hlau nyob rau hauv metallurgy feem ntau yog hu ua hlau thiab alloys raws li hlau. Yog li, cov qeb ntawm cov hlau tsis huv muaj txhua yam hlau thiab cov txhuas, uas tsis muaj hlau. Hauv qhov no, hauv cov ntawv sau ua lus Askiv rau kev tsim qauv ntawm pawg ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw no, cov npe dav dav "non-ferrous hlau" tau saws. Lo lus no tuaj yeem txhais ua Lavxias txhais tias "tsis yog xim hlau".
Cov hau kev ntawm kev siv cov xim hlau tsis huv hauv ntau cov haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam muaj ntau heev. Yog li, ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia tau hais yog kev siv cov hlau tsis huv rau kev tsim cov alloys, ntxiv rau cov khoom siv ntxiv rau hauv cov txheej txheem alloying. Hauv qhov no, alloying yog tus txheej txheem los qhia qhov tshwj xeeb ntxiv rau hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm cov txhuas uas txhim kho nws cov khoom, piv txwv li, muab nws plasticity, nce qhov chaw melting lossis lwm yam cuam tshuam rau nws lub cev lossis tshuaj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau tsis siv tshuaj yog siv cov tshuaj ua hmoov los yog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hauv kev tsim cov tshuab thiab khoom siv hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam, suav nrog kev siv tshuab, xov tooj cua tshuab, hluav taws xob, ntsuas thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hom khoom siv no yog siv hauv kev tsim cov ntsiab lus ib leeg ntawm cov tshuab thiab khoom siv, piv txwv, hauv kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob.
Cov hlau tsis sib haum
Txij li cov qeb ntawm cov hlau tsis huv nrog cov ntau ntawm ntau yam khoom sib txawv hauv lawv lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg thiab lwm yam, lawv feem ntau muab faib ua pab pawg, cov Cheebtsam muaj ntau homogeneous hauv qhov kev hwm no.
Yog li, piv txwv li, cov hlau tsis muaj hlau feem ntau hloov mus rau hauv lub teeb thiab hnyav, uas yog, cov uas muaj qhov tsawg thiab qhov ntom ntom, ua ntu zus. Cov pab pawg ntawm lub teeb hlau feem ntau muaj xws li lithium, sodium, magnesium, aluminium, potassium, titanium thiab lwm yam tshuaj; pab pawg ntawm cov hlau hnyav feem ntau muaj xws li tooj liab, npib tsib xee, txhuas, zinc thiab lwm yam.
Cov pab pawg thib peb ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo yog lub npe sib luag, uas yog siv rau kev nqis peev thiab hauv kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Cov no suav nrog kub, nyiaj, platinum thiab qee cov hlau hauv pawg platinum. Ntxiv rau, ib pab pawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj hlau yog qhov txawv txav, suav nrog scandium, yttrium, lanthanum thiab nws cov derivatives; ib pawg ntawm cov hlau hluav taws xob, uas suav nrog 25 tshuaj, suav nrog technetium, polonium thiab lwm yam; cov pab pawg ntawm cov hlau tawg, uas yog pom qhov tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua kom tsis huv, thiab cov pab pawg ntawm refractory hlau, uas yaj ntawm kub saum 1600 ° C.
