Lub tsev kawm qhov khoom plig kub yog qhov tshwj xeeb sib txawv. Tsuas yog cov tub ntxhais kawm tau zoo tshaj plaws tsim nyog nws, uas thoob plaws lawv cov kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm theem nrab tau lees paub meej txog lawv txoj kev paub nrog cov cim zoo hauv txhua hom kawm.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev muab puav pheej hauv tebchaws Russia rau cov kev vam meej tshwj xeeb hauv kev kawm ntawm kev qhuab qhia hauv tsev kawm pib xyoo 19th, xyoo 1928. Raws txoj cai, cov txheej txheem no tau muab tso rau hauv "Txoj Cai ntawm Uyezd thiab Parish Gymnasiums thiab Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv". Hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, qhov kev coj ua no tau rov ua dua tshiab hauv lub Tsib Hlis 1945.
Nyob rau peb lub sijhawm, lub tsev kawm ntawv kub tau ploj ua ntej nws lub zog yog qhov khoom plig uas kim tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav hauv tsev kawm - nws tau nres qhov txiaj ntsig thaum nkag mus hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov nws nrog daim ntawv pov thawj tshwj xeeb.
Tus nqi kub
Kuj ceeb tias, nyob hauv ib lub teb chaws uas nyuam qhuav yeej fascism thiab tau rov qab los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, lub tsev haujlwm ntawm cov khoom plig tau rov qab los. "Rau kev ua tau zoo hauv tsev kawm thiab kev coj zoo", xws li cov ntawv sau tau dai rau txhua tus cov ntawv luam thiab tau sau rau txhua hom lus ntawm cov chaw tshaj lij ntawm USSR. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kev hloov hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov khoom plig tsim tau raws li hauv qab no. Cov kawm tiav ntawm 1945 tau txais qhov khoom plig coveted, uas muaj qhov kub tshaj plaws, 583 tus qauv, uas muaj qhov ntev 32 mm thiab hnyav hnyav yuav luag 10, 5 grams.
Xyoo 1954, cov hlau uas muaj nqi hauv cov khoom plig tau hloov nrog tus qauv qis dua - 375, kev hloov pauv hloov khoom siv tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem tau txais cov alloy, thiab nws tus kheej tau dhau los ua ntau dua ntais thiab pib hnyav li 6 grams.
Xyoo 1960, cov ntawv luam tawm tshiab. Cov tsev kawm ntawv cov khoom plig tau ua los ntawm tombak thiab coated nrog plating kub. Cov hlau zoo nkauj tseem nyob hauv cov hmoov av, nws cov nyiaj muaj 0.2 grams.
Nrog kev vau ntawm USSR, Russia tau tsim nws tus kheej lub koom haum tuav. Lawv tau ua nyob rau ntawm Moscow lub Hoobkas Goznak. Hauv cov ntawv kawg, lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub tsho caj npab nrog ib daim ntaub txha hniav laus ua los ntawm cov xim ntawm Lavxias tricolor. Lub txiaj ntsig tau suav nrog cov plating kub nrog cov tuab ntawm 5 microns 999.9 cov qauv. Yog li, tus nqi ntawm cov hlau uas muaj nqi heev hauv nws yog 0, 31 grams kub. Tus nqi ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov khoom plig kub yog 300 rubles.
Ib tiam pragmatists
Hauv tebchaws Lavxias uantej-xuv-xees, tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig tsuas yog tias tus kawm tiav tau muaj lub cim "zoo heev" hauv peb yam - Latin, Greek Greek thiab lej. Tag nrho cov so yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 4, 5 ntsiab lus.
Hauv USSR, ib qho khoom plig tau muab yog tias tag nrho cov qhab nia hauv chav kawm tiav zaum kawg tau zoo heev. Titanic ua haujlwm, saib iav heev thiab xav tau pom zoo. Qhov khoom plig tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lwm tus lub qhov muag thiab muab cov cai zoo rau kev nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm qib siab - hloov ntawm plaub qhov kev xeem nkag, nws muaj peev xwm kom dhau tsuas yog ib qho, tab sis muaj cov cim zoo heev.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom plig tau loj nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub neej. Hauv Lavxias, thaum cov txiaj ntsig rau kev nkag mus, uas tau muab los ntawm lub luag puav pheej, raug tshem tawm, nws tus nqi tau dhau los. Cov hluas pragmatists tsis teeb tsa nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj ntawm tsis taug kev ntxiv rau nws.
