Crystal yog ib qho ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm tus txheej txheem kev ua neej, nrog rau cov khoom kim heev thiab cov neeg nyiam coj zoo. Crystal poob lawm, chandeliers thiab lwm cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj yog qhov ntsuas ntawm saj thiab style. Cov zam rau kev siv lead ua tsis dhau rau ntau xyoo.
Dab tsi yog siv lead ua
Crystal yog ib hom iav uas muaj tsawg kawg 24% hmoov txhuas lossis barium oxide. Xws li kev txuas ntxiv muab, hauv cov lus ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, "kev ua si ntawm lub teeb", thiab tseem nce lub plasticity ntawm cov khoom - tag nrho cov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov siv lead ua rau kev teeb tsa thiab carving. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau kev siv lead ua, zoo li lub pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig, kom pom ntau qhov zoo nkauj.
Crystal tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm kev sib piv nrog pob zeb siv lead ua, lub npe uas, nyeg, yog los ntawm Greek lo lus "crystallos", uas txhais tau tias yog "dej khov". Tej zaum, nws yog qhov kev coj dawb huv thiab pob tshab ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av no uas tau tshoov cov neeg Greek nrog cov koom haum dej khov. Pob zeb siv lead ua yog ib hom tsis muaj xim.
Kev ua kom pom tseeb hauv kev coj ua tau zoo hauv tebchaws Egypt thiab Mesopotamia thaum kaj ntug ntawm kev txiav txim siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv tam sim no, siv lead ua tau tsuas yog hauv 1676 los ntawm lus Askiv tus tswv George Ravenscroft.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov siv lead ua thiab iav
Crystal thiab iav yog ob yam khoom siv uas tau tsim los siv cov cuab yeej sib txawv kiag li thiab los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Nws yog ob yam no uas txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv, suav nrog hauv nqe qeb.
Ua ntej, iav thiab siv lead ua muaj cov thermal conductivity sib txawv. Iav ua kom sov dua rau qhov sib chwv thiab ua kom sov sai sai ntawm tes, thaum siv lead ua kom tawv nqaij txias.
Thib ob, siv lead ua muaj zog dua. Nws tuaj yeem muab pov tseg, tab sis nws yog qhov nyuaj dua ua. Thaum tawg, lub khob tawg ua tej daim loj, thaum lub iav tawg tawg ua tej me me. Kev khawb, tawg, tarnishing tshwm rau iav ntawm lub sijhawm. Qhov no tsis tshwm sim nrog siv lead ua.
Ntxiv rau, yog tias koj saib ib qho khoom dhau los ntawm iav, cov duab yuav loj dua me ntsis. Crystal, ntawm qhov tod tes, yuav muab lub bifurcation ntawm cov khoom yam tsis muaj los ua kom loj dua.
Thaum kawg, siv lead ua, tsis zoo li iav, muaj cov yam ntxwv suab. Yog tias koj txhuam nws nrog cov ntiv tes ntub, koj tuaj yeem hnov lub suab zoo nkauj. Thiab thaum ob lub khoom siv lead ua kov, lub suab nrov zuj zus thiab ntev. Iav, ntawm qhov tod tes, emits tsuas yog npub thud.
Nws yog txhua yam ntawm cov xwm txheej saum toj no uas ua rau siv lead ua ib qho khoom kim heev. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv lead ua, lawv ib txwm dai kom zoo nkauj nrog engraving, ua tib zoo polished thiab siv nyob rau hauv lawv cov dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kub ntawv ci, etching lossis matting.
Crystal tseem tuaj yeem ua xim: liab, ntsuab, ntshav, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias ntawm kev ua lag luam siv lead ua feem ntau hloov nrog cov iav zoo tib yam, ua cov txuj ci cuav, uas tuaj yeem ua qhov txawv ntawm tus kws tshaj lij xwb.
