Perchloric acid, yaj nyob rau hauv dej, yog suav tias yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm monobasic acids. Nws tau hais tawm oxidizing zog thiab yog siv los ua lub hauv av.
Lub cev thiab tshuaj
Perchloric acid yog cov kua tsis muaj kob, muaj fuming thiab nrawm nrawm hauv huab cua. Tshuaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj ntau lub zog oxidation lub xeev cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws, yog li cov kua qaub no yog cov muaj zog tshaj tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing. Nws yaj tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic: chloroform, methylene chloride, zoo li hauv dej (hauv ib qho piv, ua rau hydrates). Cov tshuaj muaj zog aqueous ntsiab ntawm perchloric acid muaj qhov sib xyaw nrog oily. Nws cov ntsev yog hu ua perchlorates.
Perchloric acid yog qhov khoom tawg. Thaum tuav nws, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntxiv (khaws cia tsuas yog kaw hauv lub thawv kaw). Chav nyob qhov twg cov thawv ntim khoom yuav tsum ua kom zoo. Txwv qhov kub thiab txias tsis tso cai. Qhov no tsis siv rau nws cov kua dej aqueous, lawv yuav tsis txaus ntshai. Lawv lub zog oxidizing yog ob peb zaug qis dua, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tawg thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Tsis txhob sib tov perchloric acid nrog cov kev daws oxidizing. Nws suav hais tias yog ib qho muaj zog tshaj acids. Txawm tias qee cov kua qaub acidic, nkag mus rau hauv nws, coj zoo li hauv paus.
Tau txais cov perchloric acid
Hauv kev lag luam, kev daws teeb meem ntawm perchloric acid yog tau txais, nrog rau kev ua kom tsis muaj roj. Cov hom tom kawg tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm poov tshuaj lossis sodium perchlorate nrog concentrated sulfuric acid. Kuj tseem muaj txoj hauv kev thib ob: kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov roj nrog dilute sulfuric acid. Kev daws teeb meem ntawm sulfuric acid tseem tuaj yeem tau txais ob txoj hauv kev: los ntawm electrochemical oxidation ntawm chlorine hauv concentrated hydrochloric acid, los yog los ntawm kev sib pauv decomposition ntawm potassium thiab sodium perchlorates.
Daim ntawv thov hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam
Perchloric acid yog siv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ores nyuaj rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw, ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws muaj nyob hauv txhua lub chaw sim tshuaj, vim nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau ntau qhov kev sim hauv kev tshawb nrhiav chemistry. Cov kua qaub no yog siv los ua tus neeg khov kho oxidizing. Nws tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev, vim nws muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov kev cais tawm uas zoo heev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub pob tawg tawg.
Nws siv txhawm rau tsim cov ntoo perchlorates. Cov poov tshuaj perchlorate, ib lub ntsev uas muaj qhov tsis haum rau hauv dej, yog siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom tawg. Magnesium perchlorate, hu ua anhydrone, ua raws li qhov tso tseg los ntawm nqus cov dej.
