Aluminium thiab nws cov alloys yog siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw lag luam - aviation, metallurgy, nuclear lub zog, hluav taws xob, kev lag luam khoom noj, thiab lwm yam. Cov hlau no yog kua hauv molten daim, nws ua tiav cov ntawv zoo, nyob rau hauv lub xeev ruaj khov nws yog yooj yim deformed thiab qiv nws tus kheej zoo rau txiav, soldering, vuam.
Aluminium yog lub teeb ntsiag to hlau. Nws yog lub teeb, me, muag, yaj ntawm qhov kub ntawm 660.4 ° C. Al yooj yim yaj hauv alkalis muaj zog, tiv taus cov kua qaub, ua cov tiv thaiv zaj duab xis ntawm nws saum npoo. Tej nplawm me me hlau hlawv rau tej huab cua thaum rhaub. Ua kom qis dua nws cov khoom, qhov qis dua cua sov xav tau rau kev tiv thaiv.
Aluminium yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab kub thiab hluav taws xob. Cov hlau no yog malleable heev. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau nws ua kom yob rau hauv cov ntawv ci nyias. Nws kuj tseem muaj lub zog qis: ntshiab txhuas tau yooj yim txiav nrog riam. Cov hlau no tiv taus qhov xeb - zaj duab xis kawg ntawm Al txheej, uas tiv thaiv nws ntawm kev rhuav tshem.
Ua raws li tus nqi ntawm impurities - qhov huv ntawm cov hlau - raws li GOST, ib qib kawm tau muab rau txhuas.
Duralumin - txhuas txhuas
Duralumin tau txais hauv 1909 hauv lub nroog Duren, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Lub zog tshiab rau cov tshuaj lom neeg, muaj npe tom qab lub nroog, sai tau txais koob meej thoob plaws ntiaj chaw. Kwv yees muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm duralumin: 94% txhuas, 4% tooj liab, 0.5% txhua manganese, magnesium, hlau thiab silicon. Lub alloy yog rhuab rau 500 ° C, tom qab ntawd quenched hauv dej thiab raug rau kev laus lossis khoom neeg laus.
Cov feem ntau ntawm txhuas cov txhuas niaj hnub no yog duralumin.
Tom qab cov ntaub ntawv tawv tawv, duralumin tau txais cov tawv tshwj xeeb thiab ua rau xya zaus muaj zog dua li cov ntshiab txhuas. Nws, txawm li cas los xij, tseem nyob lub teeb - yuav luag peb zaug sib dua li hlau. Cov alloy tau ua ntau zog, tab sis tau poob ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb - kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Ib zaug ntxiv Kuv yuav tsum siv txhuas siv los tiv thaiv xeb. Cov khoom ua los ntawm duralumin tau pib ua clad, i.e. npog nrog thinnest txheej ntawm ntshiab txhuas.
Aluminium nyob hauv tsev
Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, qhov khoom noj khoom haus qib qib txhuas siv. Raws li GOST, khoom noj khoom haus qib aluminium yuav tsum muaj cov khoom me me ntawm cov txhuas, zinc thiab beryllium impurities. Nws tseem tiv taus corrosion, raws li cov ntaub ntawv zaj duab xis oxide ntom ntawm nws saum npoo. Aluminium yog dav siv rau hauv hom phiaj hauv tsev. Cov ntim, diav rawg, lauj kaub, tais thiab lwm yam cuab yeej yog tsim los ntawm nws. Hauv cov hlab lawv ua cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, kua ntsw, khoom noj, khoom noj kaus poom.
Vim li cas cov zaub mov qib txhuas thiaj li siv rau kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus? Cov hlau no tsis ntxim rau xeb, yog li cov tais diav thiab khoom siv hauv chav ua noj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov dej noo ntev. Thaum cov zaub mov raug tso rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov hlau no, cov ntxhiab tsw thiab qab qab yog tsis hloov pauv, thiab cov vitamins tsis tau rhuav tshem thaum ua noj. Aluminium ua haujlwm kub zoo heev, thiaj li ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm kev ua noj ua haus. Cov hlau no muaj cov khoom siv nruj - nws tsis txawv txav thaum lub sijhawm ua khoom noj. Ntxiv rau, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ncu thiab microwaves. Khoom noj khoom haus qib txhuas yog qhov khoom siv tsis muaj phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Zaub mov ntawv ci kuj tau siv dav. Tab sis ntawv ci yog thinly dov aluminium nrog tuab ntawm 0.009 txog 0.2 hli. Qhov no yog qhov khoom ntim zoo. Hauv kev lag luam confectionery, biscuits, khoom qab zib thiab dej qab zib yog qhwv hauv nws. Cov ntawv qhwv ntawv ci yog siv los ntim cov butter thiab margarine.
Vim nws cov cuab yeej ntawm kev txuag cov cua sov, ntawv ci yog siv rau kev khaws cia thiab thauj khoom noj. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm khoov thiab khoov, lub sam xeeb ntawm cov ntawv ci tsis yog ua txhaum.
Cov khoom noj ntim tau ua tiav tau nrov tsis yog vim nws lub zog thiab hloov tau. Aluminium ntawv ci yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau sab nraud: txawv ntxhiab ntawm txawv teb chaws, siab noo. Nws tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom noj nws tus kheej lossis nws qhov ntxhiab tsw, uas yog, nws tsis hloov pauv lawv.
