Architecture - aka Zodchestvo - yog kev sib sau ntawm cov tuam tsev, cov qauv tsim thiab lwm cov qauv tsim cov khoom ib puag ncig ntawm tib neeg kev nyob. Kev tsim vaj tsev raws li qhov tshwj xeeb yog kos duab ntawm kev tsim qauv thiab ua vaj tse thiab vaj tsev.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, cov tuam tsev thiab cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov neeg ntawm ob qhov tshwj xeeb - "kws kes duab vajtse-kws ua yeeb yam" thiab "civil civil". Qhov tseeb, lawv tau qhia txog tib yam, tab sis muaj kev faib tawm ntawm kev qhia ntau. Tus kws ua haujlwm rau pej xeem huab hwm yog tus qauv ua qauv qhia lub tsev physics. Tus kws kos duab-kos duab yog tus tsim qauv nrog kev ua kom pom tseeb txog kev coj ua zoo. Nyob rau lub xyoo pua 20, cov kws tsim qauv thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam tau koom ua ke thaum kawg; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tau muaj tseeb ua ntej pib ntawm Renaissance. Architecture raws li qhov tshwj xeeb - hauv nws daim ntawv feem ntau - tau muab faib rau hauv kev kos duab ntawm kev tsim qauv thiab tsim cov vaj tsev (cov qauv qauv) thiab kos duab ntawm cov nroog npaj (tsim qauv thiab tsim cov hauv paus tsev kawm, zos, nroog, megacities, agglomerations).
Kauj ruam 2
Architecture raws li kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tsev - tseem nyob hauv nws daim ntawv feem ntau - muaj kev faib ncaj ncees raws li kev ua haujlwm uas lub tsev lossis qauv ua haujlwm. Cov tuam tsev thiab cov qauv vaj tse yog chaw nyob, pej xeem, chaw tsim khoom thiab thauj. Cov tsev rau cov tsev nyob tau muab faib ua lub tsev loj, tsev apartment, chav pw thiab chav tsev me. Cov pej xeem yog cov tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, cov tsev tswj, chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, chaw ntau pob, cov chaw ua si, ua yeeb yaj kiab, ncig. Muaj cov tuam tsev thiab qauv qauv - chaw tsim khoom, chaw tsim khoom, chaw rau khoom. Thauj - txuas hniav, tunnels, junctions, chaw nres tsheb thiab lwm yam.
Kauj ruam 3
Cov qauv ntoo kuj tuaj yeem raug saib raws li txheej txheem. Kev tsim qauv vaj tsev yog ib txwm txiav txim siab los ntawm ib qho kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb lossis kev sib tw (qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm). Lub tswv yim yog embodied hauv txoj haujlwm: cov phiaj xwm, tshooj, cov lus piav qhia thiab cov phiaj xwm npaj. Tom qab lees txais los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, txoj haujlwm no tau tsim mus rau hauv txheej txheej txheej txaij engineering thiab kev tsim kho uas xav tau kev tsim kho. Kev tsim kho pib, thiab nyob rau theem no tus kws kes duab vajtse saib xyuas cov kws kes duab vajtse saib xyuas. Thiab thaum kawg, theem kawg yog kev ua haujlwm lub tsev.
