Raws li koj paub los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv kev qhia txog tshuaj, tooj liab yog hlau, hauv cov rooj ntawm ib ntu ntawm DI Mendeleev yog suav 29. Tooj liab muaj qhov ua tau zoo thermal, muaj qhov xim zoo nkauj. Yog li no, cov hlau no feem ntau siv rau hluav taws xob ua haujlwm thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Feem ntau, cov tooj hlau alloys, tooj dag (tooj liab + tin) thiab tooj dag (tooj liab + zinc) siv rau kev ua haujlwm. Tooj liab tooj liab muaj ntau ductile thiab muaj zog dua li tooj liab nws tus kheej, thiab muaj qhov chaw qis yaj. Cov ntshiab tooj liab yog qhov khoom siv kim dua, thiab ntxiv mus, nws tsis ruaj khov heev. Hauv huab cua, nws sai oxidizes thiab dhau los ua nrog ib zaj duab xis, patina nyob rau hauv tus ntawm noo noo. Vim tias lub ntsiab lus siab melting (1000-11000 C), tooj liab smelting hauv tsev yog qhov nyuaj. Txawm hais tias txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem ua cov tooj liab me me.
Kauj ruam 2
Siv lub tin tuaj yeem thiab stucco los ua cov pwm rau ib qho kev ntxias. Dilute alabaster nrog dej, nchuav rau hauv lub thawv ntim quav, ua rau pom kev xav ntawm cov duab uas xav tau. Tom qab kev ua tiav, muab cov qhob tso ua ke ntawm qhov kub ntawm tsawg kawg 1000C hauv qhov cub uas tsis siv neeg kom tsis suav nrog vaporization thaum nchuav tooj liab.
Kauj ruam 3
Tso ib daig tooj liab (nyiam dua - tsawg dua oxide) nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab ntawm pwm, ncaj qha nplaim taws ntawm cov pa roj hlawv roj los ntawm saum toj no. Thaum rhuab, tooj liab yuav yaj, coj tus duab ntawm lub tswv yim, i.e. qhov xav tau ingot. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm tooj liab, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ib qho tooj dag lossis nyiaj daj rau qhov sib xyaw.
Kauj ruam 4
Yog tias koj pom cov kab noj me me hauv cov ingot, voids tsim los ntawm cov cua hauv lub cev, cov ingot yuav tsum yog cov forged. Tooj liab yog cov khoom mos, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tsim. Txog rau lub forging kub, kub ua tooj liab rau ntawm cov pa hluav taws kub hnyiab lossis tshuab hluav taws kub kom txog thaum nws ci liab. Tom qab ntawd, siv kev thaiv me me thiab ib rab rauj, teeb duab lub ntsej muag rau hauv cov duab yam xav tau, tshem tawm cov uas tsis ua. Thaum lub tooj liab ua kom txias, lub luminescence decay, lub forging yuav tsum raug ncua thiab cov ingot yuav tsum rov kho dua.
Kauj ruam 5
Txoj kev no tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho me me. Yog tias xav tau tooj liab ntau dua rau cov yaj, cov khoom siv ntau dua, siv lub tshuab ua kom lub qhov cub, lub graphite lossis cam khwb cia hlau crucible yuav tsum tau siv. Tooj liab yog nchuav rau hauv qhov cub tawg nrog borax thiab boric acid. Tom qab ntawd tus ntoo khaub lig yog them nrog ib qho ntawm cov hluav taws kub ntawm cov cib thiab muab tso rau hauv chav sov. Tom qab nplawm tus tooj liab, ib daim tooj daj liab tau ntxiv rau hauv qhov cub ua kom txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov yaj, sib xyaw, sludge (xws li ua npuas dej saum) raug tshem tawm thiab nchuav rau hauv cov pwm txias (pwm).
