Lub zog tawm ntawm hluav taws xob tawg yog qhov loj heev. Nws muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem tag nrho cov nroog hauv ob peb feeb. Lub zog no dhau los tso tawm vim yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
Lub tshuab ntawm kev sib tsoo nuclear sib xyaw
Nws tau paub los ntawm chav kawm txog physics tias cov keeb hauv lub nucleus - protons thiab neutrons - tau nyob ua ke los ntawm cov kev sib txuam muaj zog. Nws muaj peev xwm dhau ntawm cov quab yuam ntawm Coulomb repulsion, yog li ntawd lub keeb los tag nrho tseem ruaj khov. Nyob rau lub xyoo pua 20, tus kws tshawb fawb zoo Albert Einstein tshawb pom tias qhov loj ntawm tib neeg lub zog tsuas yog loj dua li lawv qhov loj hauv lub xeev uas muaj ciam (thaum lawv tsim lub nucleus). Qee qhov hnyav mus qhov twg? Nws hloov tawm tias nws hloov mus rau hauv kev khi lub zog ntawm nucleons thiab ua tsaug rau nws nuclei, atoms thiab molecules tuaj yeem muaj nyob.
Feem ntau ntawm cov nuclei paub muaj kev ruaj khov, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov xov tooj cua hluav taws xob. Lawv tso tawm lub zog tsis tu ncua, zoo li lawv raug rau hluav taws xob xau. Lub nuclei ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis zoo rau tib neeg, tab sis lawv tsis emit zog uas muaj peev xwm ua kom puas tsuaj rau txhua lub nroog.
Lub zog Colossal zoo li tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo. Lub isotope ntawm uranium-235, ntxiv rau plutonium, yog siv los ua cov roj hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw foob pob. Thaum ib qho neutron nkag mus rau hauv lub nucleus, nws pib faib. Neutron, ua cov khoom tsis muaj lub zog tsis muaj hluav taws xob, tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv tus qauv ntawm lub hlwb tsis zoo, hla dhau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov rog ntawm electrostatic sib cuam tshuam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws yuav pib ncab. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog tsis sib xws yuav pib ua kom tsis muaj zog, thaum Coulomb cov tub rog yuav nyob li qub. Lub uranium-235 nucleus yuav faib ua ob (tsis tshua muaj peb) thooj. Ob lub ntxiv neutrons yuav tshwm sim, uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, nws hu ua saw: dab tsi ua rau lub fission fab (neutron) yog nws cov khoom.
Raws li lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear, lub zog raug tso tawm, uas khi cov nucleons hauv niam lub zog ntawm uranium-235 (khi lub zog). Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua pov thawj kev ua haujlwm ntawm nuclear reactors thiab qhov tawg ntawm cov atomic bomb. Rau nws siv, ib qho mob yuav tsum tau ntsib: qhov loj ntawm cov roj yuav tsum muaj kev sib cav. Thaum lub sijhawm sib txuas ntawm plutonium nrog uranium-235, kev tawg tau tshwm sim.
Nuclear tawg
Tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm plutonium thiab uranium nuclei, lub zog poob siab loj heev tau tsim, cuam tshuam rau txhua yam nyob hauv thaj tsam li ntawm 1 km. Lub foob pob hluav taws uas tshwm ntawm qhov chaw tawg tau maj mam nce mus rau 150 meters. Qhov kub nws poob qis txog 8 txhiab Kelvin thaum lub nthwv dej mus deb txaus. Cov cua kub cua nqa lub tshuab hluav taws xob hla dhau qhov chaw deb. Lub foob pob hluav taws xob tawg nrog lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
