Kev tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv Russia twb muaj nyob rau 10 xyoo pua. Txog rau thaum xyoo pua puv 15, yuav luag tag nrho cov kev tshaj tawm nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov ncauj. Tom qab ntawd, nws pib pib rau ntawm daim ntawv. Kev tshaj tawm hauv TV hauv Russia tshwm sim tsuas yog tom qab pib perestroika.
Kev tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws Russia txij li X-XVII
Txij li lub xyoo pua 10, txhawm rau nyiam cov neeg yuav khoom, cov muag khoom los ntawm cov khoom lag luam tau qhuas qhuas lawv cov khoom. Kuj cov tub lag luam nplua nuj tuaj yeem them taus ntiav cov tawv ntoo, uas yog, cov neeg txhawb nqa niaj hnub no. Cov peddlers tau tshaj tawm cov khoom lag luam nrog cov nkauj khawm thiab tso dag.
Pib ntawm xyoo pua-XVI, txoj kev xa xov xwm tshaj tawm tau nthuav dav. Luboks tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam - cov duab zoo nkauj thiab ntxim nyiam uas muaj cov ncauj lus ntau li ntau tau. Thaum pib, kev faib ua feem tsis yog rau kev tshaj tawm, lawv tsuas yog siv los kho cov tsev ntsa thiab tsev. Tab sis tom qab xyoo pua 16, luam tawm nrov tau pib ua cov ntawv tshaj tawm me me thiab ntawv tshaj tawm.
Kev tshaj tawm hauv 18th-19th centuries
Cov ntawv xov xwm yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv Lavxias txog xyoo 1991. Txog rau thaum 90s, TV tsis tshaj tawm cov lus tshaj tawm, Is Taws Nem tseem tsis tau muaj koob meej thiab kev txhim kho, dhau li ntawd, cov neeg Lavxias tsis tseem muaj lub tswv yim hais txog nws. Thawj qhov qauv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 17th thiab tau hu ua "Chimes". Thaum xub thawj, "Chimes" tau faib nrog cov tsev hais plaub Royal thiab tshaj tawm xov xwm los ntawm txawv teb chaws.
Hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, Chimes tau kho thiab faib tawm ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam, twb nyob hauv lub npe Vedomosti. Tom qab ntawv "Vedomosti" tau pauv npe hu ua "Saint-Petersburg Vedomosti" thiab tau dhau los ua cov ntawv xov xwm Lavxias tiag tiag nrog rau kev sau cov ntawv no ib ntu. Maj mam, tshaj tawm los ntawm cov kws ua khoom lag luam, tus kws txawj txua thiab cov tub luam pib sau cov ntawv xov xwm. Cov neeg sau xov xwm tau pib tau txais cov nyiaj tau ntxiv los ntawm kev tso cai rau lawv tshaj tawm.
Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws Russia yog tib lub cav ntawm kev lag luam ib yam li lwm lub tebchaws. Ntawm cov theem ntawm cov khw, ib qho tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv luam yeeb yuj uas tshaj tawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuab xaws khaub ncaws, luam yeeb, kas fes, chocolate, tshuaj yej. Ib qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm yog tias nws yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb, nkag siab thiab qab ntxiag. Nws tsis muaj qhov kev ua phem uas tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hauv Western tshaj tawm.
Kev tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws Russia xyoo XX-XXI
Nyob rau lub sijhawm Soviet, tib neeg tau rov xav dua txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau Western lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Russia, tshaj tawm tau ua yooj yim, to taub thiab artless. Nws lub hom phiaj kuj tau hloov. Tsis muaj kev sib tw nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, lub xeev muaj monopoly kiag li tag nrho cov khoom lag luam, thiab kev tshaj tawm tsuas yog qhia tib neeg txog cov khoom.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev tshaj tawm ntxiv nyob rau lub sijhawm Soviet. Piv txwv li, hauv ntau lub tsev haujlwm ib tus tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv tshaj xo piav qhia txog tus pojniam Soviet tau hu tuaj tawm tsam rau Lub Tebchaws Niam. Cov lus xaiv tau kis ntawm cov neeg hais txog cov neeg txom nyem npaum li cas nyob hauv cov teb chaws capitalist. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau tso tawm hauv TV qhia txog tias Tebchaws Russia pib zoo npaum li cas los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv tsoomfwv Soviet.
Tom qab lub cev tawg ntawm USSR, cov duab qhia tawm txawv teb chaws tau hliv rau hauv Russia. Cov koom haum tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws tau pib tshwm sim. Niaj hnub no tshaj tawm tuaj yeem pom ntawm txhua kauj ruam. Txhua lub vev xaib tuaj yeem muag qhov chaw ntawm lub vev xaib rau kev tshaj tawm.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1917 txog xyoo 1991, kev tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws Russia tsis muaj kev lag luam, txij li thaum pib xyoo 90s, tshaj tawm kev lag luam tau dhau los ua kev lag luam cais, koom ua ke nrog lwm qhov kev lag luam. Txij li xyoo 2000, Lavxias tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm txawv ntawm txawv teb chaws.
