Kev tawg yooj yim tshuab yog cov kev daws teeb meem uas muaj ob lossis ntau theem ua ke, muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev nthuav dav. Ib theem yog cov tawg feem me me, qhov toob yog lwm yam. Qhov txiav tawm los yog tawg ib feem ntawm qhov system dispersion yog theem dispersed, thiab ntu txuas ntxiv yog nruab nrab dispersed. Lawv tsis sib xyaw thiab tsis tig ua ke.
Disperse tshuab thiab lawv cov kev faib tawm
Kev faib tawm tuaj yeem muab cais raws li qhov loj me ntawm qhov theem dispersed. Yog hais tias qhov loj me qhov qis me dua li ib nm, cov no yog cov txheej txheem molecular ionic, los ntawm ib mus rau ib puas nm yog colloidal, thiab ntau dua ib puas nm yog coarsely dispersed. Ib pawg ntawm cov txheej txheem molecularly dispersed yog sawv cev los ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Cov no yog homogeneous systems uas muaj ob lossis ntau qhov tshuaj thiab yog ib-theem. Cov no suav nrog roj, qhov khoom lossis cov kev daws teeb meem. Nyeg, cov kab ke no tau muab faib ua pawg:
- Tus ntsuas. Thaum cov tshuaj organic xws li cov piam thaj ua ke nrog cov tsis muaj roj ntsha. Cov kev daws teeb meem no tau hu ua qhov tseeb thiaj li muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm colloidal. Cov no suav nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm qabzib, sucrose, cawv thiab lwm yam.
- Cov tshuaj molecular ionic. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Pab pawg no suav daws cov kua qaub, nitrogenous, hydrogen sulfide thiab lwm yam.
- Ionic. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov electrolytes muaj zog. Cov neeg sawv cev ci yog cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm alkalis, ntsev thiab qee cov kua qaub.
Colloidal tshuab
Colloidal tshuab yog cov tshuab microheterogeneous uas qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm colloidal sib txawv ntawm 100 txog 1 nm. Lawv yuav tsis los nag ntev heev vim lub solvate ionic plhaub thiab hluav taws xob them. Thaum muab faib rau hauv ib qho nruab nrab, cov kev daws teeb meem colloidal sau tusyees tag nrho cov ntim thiab muab faib ua sols thiab gels, uas nyeg yog precipitates nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm jelly. Cov no suav nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm albumin, gelatin, colloidal kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov nyiaj. Jellied nqaij, soufflés, puddings yog cov piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm cov tshuab colloidal pom hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
Cov tshuab ntxhib
Opaque systems lossis kev ncua hauv cov khoom me me uas pom tau rau qhov muag tsis pom kev. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tawm tsam, theem dispersed yog yooj yim sib cais los ntawm nruab nrab dispersed. Lawv cais rau hauv kev ncua, emulsions, aerosols. Cov tshuab uas txav ib qho nrog cov loj dua tau muab tso rau hauv qhov nruab nrab ua kua dispersion nruab nrab yog hu ua kev ncua. Cov no suav nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab av nplaum. Tsis zoo li kev ncua, emulsions tau los ntawm kev sib tov ob cov kua, hauv ib qho uas tau faib rau hauv cov kua dej rau lwm qhov. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog kev sib xyaw roj thiab dej, muaj roj nyob hauv cov mis. Yog tias cov khoom ua kua zoo lossis cov khoom ua kua tau faib rau hauv cov roj, lawv yog aerosols. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, ib qho aerosol yog kev ncua hauv cov roj. Ib qho ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kua hauv aerosol yog huab - ntau ntawm cov dej ntws tawm me me raug tshem tawm hauv huab cua. Cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev aerosol - pa taws lossis plua plav - ntau qhov kev txuam nrog cov khoom zoo kuj raug tshem tawm hauv huab cua.
