Hluav taws, siv nrog txiaj ntsig los ntawm tib neeg rau ntau txhiab xyoo, lub sijhawm twg los tuaj yeem rhuav tshem ntawm qhov tswj tsis tau thiab ua rau muaj hmoo. Tau ntev, kev txhais tau tias kho - dej thiab xuab zeb - tau siv los tua hluav taws. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 18th uas thawj cov khoom siv rau kev tua hluav taws tau siv, los ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm cov twj tua hluav taws tau pib.
Keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws
Thawj lub cuab yeej uas tau pom nws cov ntawv thov hauv kev xyaum tua hluav taws pom tau tias yog lub thoob ntoo uas muaj dej, alum thiab rab phom. Xws li lub nkoj raug cuam rau hauv qhov kub heev, tom qab ntawd lub thawv ntim nrog rab phom tawg tau tawg. Cov dej tawg ua hluav taws kub thaum lub sij hawm tawg tau tua hluav taws. Rau thawj lub sijhawm zoo li no tau siv rau hauv lub tebchaws Yelemees xyoo 1770.
Nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19, tus kws tsim tawm Lavxias teb sab N. Stafel tau tsim thiab sim tshuaj tua hluav taws cov tshuaj tua hluav taws nrog lub npe hu ua "Pozharogas". Nws zoo li lub thawv hauv qhov uas sib xyaw ntawm alum, ammonium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate thiab lub ntiaj teb tau muab tso. Sab hauv lub cuab yeej muaj lub pob ntawv ntim nrog cov xaum xaim thiab lub tes them nyiaj.
Thaum muaj hluav taws kub, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm cov ntaub thaiv tiv thaiv, muab hluav taws tso rau cov ntaub plaub thiab xa lub thawv rau cov nplaim taws. Tom qab ob peb lub vib nas this, tus ntaus ntawv tau tawg, thiab nws cov khoom muag tau hlawv.
Tom qab ntawd, lub cev ntawm cov tua hluav taws tig los ntawm lub thawv rau hauv lub khob ntim lub tog raj kheej nrog nyias phab ntsa, uas tau ntim hermetically. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov feem uas tau ntim puv lub nkoj tseem tau hloov. Tab sis nws tsis yooj yim siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no - rau qhov no koj yuav tsum qhib lub hwj thiab hliv cov lus tso rau hauv hluav taws. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxov no tau muaj tsawg heev.
Kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, ib tus kws tsim choj los ntawm Russia A. Laurent tau tsim thiab sim ib qho qauv qub ntawm kev tua hluav taws los ntawm kev ua npuas dej. Lub npaus nws tus kheej tau tsim nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev mloog cov tshuaj lom neeg nyuaj ntawm kev daws teeb meem alkaline thiab acid. Cov qauv pom tom qab tsim ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua npuas dej tua hluav taws uas muaj txoj sia nyob txog niaj hnub no ntawm ntau lub chaw lag luam.
Nyob rau xyoo pua xyoo dhau los, hluav taws xob engineering pib tsim kho sai, uas feem ntau dhau los ua qhov hluav taws kub. Qhov no tau ua tshiab thov ntawm lub tshuab tua hluav taws. Lub cev ntawm lub cuab yeej los ua hlau, thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide liquefied tau siv los ua cov khoom ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd, lub tshuab tshuaj tua hluav taws tau nruab nrog lub taub hau valve thiab lub pob hluav taws xob txhais.
Kom muaj kev tua hluav taws kom tau zoo dua, lub tswb nrov tau raug siv.
Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ob, kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom tau tsom rau kev txhim kho cov hmoov qhuav hluav taws kev tua hluav taws, qhov ntau lawm uas tau txais lub zog hauv 60s. Lub hauv paus hmoov hais txog kev tua hluav taws tau pom tias lub sijhawm ntawd tau ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, txawm hais tias lwm hom hluav taws tua hluav taws tsis tawm ntawm lub voj voog. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum ntawm cov tua hluav taws niaj hnub, rov siv tau cov huab cua emulsion thiab cov tshuab huab cua ua npuas hluav taws los kuj tau siv.
