Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob voltage yog qhov tsis tsim nyog nyob qhov twg qhov muaj qhov "txuas" hluav taws xob tas li; kev tswj hluav taws xob ruaj khov yuav pab koj kom txuag tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kim thiab cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev. Cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam niaj hnub no muab cov ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv pab tau no. Yuav xaiv qhov twg?
Muaj ntau hom kev ruaj khov, txhua yam ntawm nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm, tsis zoo li lwm tus. Hauv kev coj ua, thaum muab hluav taws xob rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm, ntau hom kev tsim kho khov kho feem ntau siv, uas pab muab lub zog zoo rau ntau yam khoom siv sib txawv. Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, ib lub cuab yeej ntawm qee hom feem ntau siv.
Ferroresonant stabilized voltage qhov chaw
Paub txij li 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Rau kev ua haujlwm, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib nqus tau siv, thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog ntawm hloov pauv, zawm caj pas, thaum voltage siv rau lawv cov windings, yog magnetized. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov kev ntsuas siab ceev (tsis pub tshaj 100 ms) thaum kab hluav taws xob surges. Qhov hloov kho tau yog nce txog li 1%. Qhov tseem ceeb tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov stabilizers yog qhov ua tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm -40 + 60C. Lub laj kab hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob tau siv los ua kom muaj suab nrov, qhov nce ntawm theem ntawm qib siab ntawm lub nra, tab sis tam sim no cov kev ua haujlwm luv luv tau raug tshem tawm. Cov dav dav siv ntawm hom kev ruaj khov no hauv lub neej txhua hnub yog hampered los ntawm tus nqi siab, kuj muaj qhov loj me.
Servo (lossis electromechanical) cov tshuab khov kho
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog tshuab; tus neeg siv yuav tsum tau hloov kho qhov voltage mus rau qhov xav tau tus nqi siv tus tswj thiab ntsuas (voltmeter nyeem). Lub zog rheostat (kuj tsis paub meej ua hauj, resistor) tau siv raws li tus tswj kev lag luam, raws li tus swb txav mus. Los ntawm qhov muab tso rau nws ntawm ib lossis lwm qhov taw tes ntawm lub rheostat winding, nws muaj peev xwm hloov hloov cov zis theem. Tom qab ntawd, lub cuab yeej tau ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas rau lub cev muaj zog nrog lub iav hloov tau pib "koom tes" hauv kev hloov kho. Qhov tau txais txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv no yog lawv qhov muaj qhov siab (txog 0, 003%). Ntawm cov minuses, peb tuaj yeem sau lub suab nrov uas lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim.
Hluav taws xob cov khoom hluav taws xob (lossis theem)
Qhov feem ntau ntau yam ntsuas. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog hloov ntau autotransformer windings siv lub tshuab xa rov qab lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (thyristors, triacs raug siv los ua hluav taws xob hloov ntsiab lus). Hauv cov qauv tshiab, siv cov microprocessor, uas tau tsim los ntawm txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb, uas muab qib siab ntawm kev khiav haujlwm - 10-20 ms. Cov twj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob xav tau nrog qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim: ntawm 110 txog 290 V. Ntawm qhov tsis txaus, qhov tsis tshua muaj kev ruaj khov (10%) sawv tawm; tab sis qhov no tsuas yog qhov tseeb rau cov khoom siv pheej yig. Ntau tshaj qauv tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo no; vim tias qhov nce ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm windings (cov kauj ruam) ntawm tus autotransformer, qhov raug tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1% thiab siab dua.
