Hluav taws xob arc vuam, dav siv hauv kev tsim tawm niaj hnub, tshuav nws qhov tshwm sim rau cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias thiab cov neeg siv hluav taws xob. Xyoo 1902, tus kws tshaj lij V. Petrov tshawb pom thaum lub sijhawm sim hais tias thaum lub sijhawm hluav taws xob dhau ntawm ob lub roj hluav taws xob, lub duav hluav taws xob tau tsim, uas muaj qhov kub sov heev. Cov nyhuv no tau pom daim ntawv thov hauv arc vuam.
Arc vuam: thawj kev paub
Cov neeg kawm Lavxias V. V. Petrov, uas yog thawj tus tau piav qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tso hluav taws xob ntawm ob tus neeg tsav tsheb, ua tib zoo kawm qhov tshwm sim uas nws pom. Nws tawm tswv yim tias lub tshav kub tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem siv rau kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hlau ntau. Qhov no yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob arc vuam, uas dhau los ua qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev txua hluav taws xob.
Thawj zaug sim txuas cov hlau los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lawv nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau ua rau xyoo 1867 los ntawm cov kws ua choj los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Thomson. Nws coj ob daim hlau thiab nias lawv nruj rau txhua lwm yam, tom qab ntawd nws dhau qhov tam sim no ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tsawg, tab sis muaj zog, los ntawm cov kab ke no. Cov npoo ntawm qhov pib pib yaj. Tus kws tsim khoom tam sim no yuav tsum sib zog sib koom tes nrog tus kws ntaus hlau lub rauj, tom qab uas lawv tau txuas nrog.
Yuav luag tib lub sijhawm, tus kws tshaj lij German Zerner sim siv hluav taws xob cov roj carbon hlau kom koom nrog cov hlau. Nws tso cov kab tsis nrug, tab tom qab ntawd nws coj cov xaim hluav taws xob rau lawv - ob sab ntawm txhua sab. Tam sim no nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom dhau lub tshuab hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke, uas cov hlau ua kub dhau los. Tab sis qhov hlws ris tseem yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntxiv nrog tus rauj, tom qab tig tawm tam sim no.
Qhov tsim muaj ntawm arc vuam
Txawm li cas los xij, Nikolai Nikolaevich Benardos yog qhov raug suav tias yog tus tsim ntawm arc vuam txheej txheem. Tus kws tsim khoom Lavxias yog thawj coj los tso rau ib lub tswv yim, uas tom qab ntawd dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau hom no ntawm kev ua hlau. Xyoo 1882, Benardos tsim thiab tsim ib lub cuab yeej nrog uas nws muaj peev xwm ua tau rau qhov chaw zoo nyob rau hauv cov chaw txuas thiab hauv cov pa roj. Rau arc vuam, nws siv cov roj carbon electrodes.
Benardos kuj tseem pom cov qauv ntawm kev sib nqus tswj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Raws txoj kev, tus kws tsim khoom tsim cov txheej txheem rau kev siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab kev siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm vuam txoj kev. Nws kuj kuaj tus kuj chaw welding hom. Ib tus xov tooj ntawm Benardos cov kev daws teeb meem tau txais daim ntawv xaj ntawm nws ob qho tib si hauv Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws.
Lwm tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias, Nikolai Gavrilovich Slavyanov, txhim kho txoj kev arc vuam uas twb tau tsim ua ntej. Qhov tseeb, nws tau ua ib qho kev ywj pheej tsim, thov tawm kom tsis txhob siv roj carbon, tab sis hlau electrodes. Slavyanov tseem tau tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib txuas thiab lub zog ua kom nws tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov ntev ntawm arc. Kev daws teeb meem engineering tau tsim hauv kev coj ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias tsim lub hauv paus rau tus qauv vuam tshiab, uas tsis tau poob nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom tshiab.
