Cov xim ntawm lub pob zeb yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws rau kev txiav txim siab nws hom. Muaj cov pab pawg sib txheeb, muaj cov xim sib txawv, thiab muaj hom tsiaj uas nyob deb heev los ntawm txhua lwm yam, zoo ib yam nkaus.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Feem ntau, cov xim uas cov pob zeb muaj nuj nqis muaj nyob ntawm microscopic particles ntawm impurities ntawm hlau oxide uas tsis suav nrog cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov ntxhia thiab tsis tau txiav txim siab tas li nrog qhov tseeb tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj. Lub tsom iav hluav taws xob muaj qhov nkag siab ntxiv rau qhov tsis zoo, qee lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem nrhiav tau los ntawm saib lub spectrum ntawm lub teeb tawm los ntawm lub pob zeb. Hlau yog ib qho ntawm cov xim zoo tshaj. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm oxide, nws lub xub ntiag muab cov ntawv daj daj, hauv daim ntawv ntawm nitrous oxide, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib lub raj mis-xim xim. Chrome puv rubies liab thiab emeralds ntsuab. Tooj liab ua ke nrog hydroxyl los tsim cov xim tshwj xeeb ntawm turquoise. Yog tias turquoise muaj lub cev xim ntsuab, nws yog vim muaj cov hlau hauv nws.
Kauj ruam 2
Tooj liab hydroxyls, ntxiv rau turquoise, tsim ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov zaub mov xws li malachite, azurite thiab dioptase. Titanium nyob rau hauv cov ntxhia muab nws xiav xim, thiab lithium xim tsis ruaj khov liab. Cov zaub mov rhodonite thiab rhodochrosite muaj qhov xim liab txawv, uas tau muab rau lawv los ntawm manganese. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg xws li cobalt, npib tsib xee, vanadium, cesium, gallium ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nplua nuj ntawm cov xim thiab ntxoov ntxoo. Lub pob zeb hu ua idiochromatic yog tias lawv tus neeg saib xyuas xim suav nrog hauv cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov ntxhia, thiab allochromatic yog tias cov xim tha xim yog qhov tsis haum.
Kauj ruam 3
Lub pob zeb ntawm tib hom feem ntau muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov xim. Nws yog nyob ntawm lub impurity ntawm hlau oxide. Ib qho piv txwv yog corundum: ntshiab alumina tsim tawm dawb corundum, tseem hu ua sapphire, thiab chromium oxide tsim liab corundum hu ua ruby. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau thiab titanium nws thiaj li muab cov kob xiav corundum - tsis tshua muaj neeg thiab kim tshaj plaws ntawm sapphires. Txawm tias lub pob zeb diamond, vim muaj ntau yam tsis txaus, muaj cov duab sib txawv, lawv muaj xim daj, xiav, xiav, grey, xim av, xim dub, thiab qee zaum muaj pob zeb tawv tawv. Txhua yam nws yog nyob ntawm cov qub oxides ntawm ntau cov hlau tam sim no hauv cov ntxhia mus rau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua.
Kauj ruam 4
Alexandrite hloov nws cov xim nyob ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo: nws yog qhov tsaus ntuj ntsuab thaum nruab hnub, nws hloov liab qab thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Tib yam tshwm sim nrog sib sib zog nqus ntshav amethysts, uas tig ntshav liab hauv lub teeb cuav. Turquoise hloov pauv cov xim nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, av noo thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb no.
