Hauv tebchaws Lavxias Yav Dhau Los, tsuas yog cov kev tsim kho no tau hu ua cov nroog uas nyob tom qab muaj lub laj kab fortified nrog cov loopholes thiab cov yees, uas yog, hauv Kremlin. Hauv tebchaws Russia, Kremlin nyob hauv Rostov, Veliky Novgorod, Suzdal, Tula thiab qee lub nroog. Tab sis qhov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws, tau kawg, yog Moscow Kremlin.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Thaum xyoo pua 10 AD, Vyatichi tau txiav txim siab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Borovitsky Hill. Qhov chaw ntawm lawv lub zos yog qhov chaw Cathedral Square tam sim no nyob. Cov kev sib hais haum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm moat, palisade thiab rampart. Moscow yog thawj zaug ntsib hauv keeb kwm teev hnub tim 1147. Nws paub tias fortifications tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog nrog thaj tsam thaj tsam ntawm 3 hectares, nyob ib puag ncig uas lub qhov quav tau khawb txog 17 metres dav thiab tsawg kawg 5 meters sib sib zog nqus. Moscow yog ib tug raug fortress. Hauv 1238 tau rhuav tshem los ntawm Tatar-Mongols. Xyoo 1339, lub nroog muaj cov ntoo thaiv phab ntsa thiab tus yees.
Kauj ruam 2
Lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub tsev teev ntuj tus Cawm Seej ntawm Bor, uas tau muab phom rau hauv av thaum xyoo 1933, zwm rau 30s ntawm XIV xyoo pua. Xyoo 1365, Chudov Monastery tau tsim tsa - ib lub txheej txheem txheej txheej qub ntau ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Nws tseem muaj pov tseg thaum xyoo 1929.
Kauj ruam 3
Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm XIV caug xyoo, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dmitry Donskoy tau hais kom txhim kho pob zeb phab ntsa hloov cov ntoo Kremlin phab ntsa. Cov neeg ua tsev tau siv pob zeb dawb quarried ze ntawm lub nroog. Cov ntoo thaiv tau tsuas yog muaj qee qhov xwb, tab sis feem ntau lawv tau hlawv, thiab yog li ntawd kuj tau hloov los ntawm pob zeb ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis yog qhov tsis zoo, thiab yog li ntawd, thaum nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 15, qhov kev xav tau tsim kho dua tshiab tau sawv.
Kauj ruam 4
Hauv qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 15th, Ivan III the Great tau pib kho qhov loj ntawm Kremlin. Cov Lavxias tus kws tsim tsa Myshkin thiab Krivtsov tau tso siab rau kev tsim lub tsev tshiab Assumption Cathedral. Lub tsev tau raug coj mus rau vaim thaum av qeeg hauv 1471. Tus qauv vau tas. Ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov qauv zoo nkauj dua ntxiv thiab ua kom ruaj khov, Ivan III tau caw tus neeg Italian Aristotle Fioravanti. Nws ntseeg tias xyoo 1485 kev tsim kho ntawm Grand Ducal Palace pib. Tawg tawg ntawm nws hauv ntej, tsim los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Italian Marco Fryazin thiab Pietro Antoni Solari, muaj txoj sia nyob los txog niaj hnub no.
Kauj ruam 5
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16, tsawg kawg 4 lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab tau tsim tsa ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Moscow Kremlin, thiab ib lub tuam tsev (John the Baptist ze ntawm Borovitsky Gate) tau rov tsim dua. Tau ib nrab xyoo pua, cov phab ntsa ntawm Kremlin tau maj mam thim thiab txhim kho dua. Lub pob zeb dawb uas tsis yooj yim tau hloov nrog lub cib tshiab tshiab. Sab saum toj ntawm phab ntsa tau dhia. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm ntseeg hais tias Kremlin tau txais nws cov duab tshiab niaj hnub no hauv daim duab tsis sib dhos tsis tu ncua thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16 tom qab tau ua kom muaj ob peb kaum yim hectares nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob.
Kauj Ruam 6
Los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 16th, Moscow Kremlin tau dhau los ua impregnable. Ib qho moat ncav raws phab ntsa, puag ncig lub fortress los ntawm txhua sab. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm Kremlin tau nthuav dav: Chudovskaya, Nikolskaya thiab Spasskaya.
Kauj Ruam 7
Tsar Peter Kuv, uas yog lub zog loj, txwv tsis pub ua lub tsev ntoo ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin thiab rov tsim kho cov uas hlawv tawm hauv hluav taws 1701. Xyoo 1702, ntxiv rau chav vaj ntxwv, cov tsev hais plaub ntawm lub tsev hais plaub thiab lub tsev hais plaub, cov tsev muaj npe nyob hauv Kremlin, piv txwv li, tseikhhauz (arsenal), uas tau tsim los ntawm 1702 txog 1736. Tus poj niam huab tais Elizaveta Petrovna tau hais kom kho Kremlin cov tuam tsev, thiab yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, ces cov tuam tsev tshiab yuav tsum yog daim qauv ntawm cov tsev rhuav tshem.
Kauj ruam 8
Xyoo 1768, kev tsim kho pib ua tshiab ntawm Kremlin Palace. Tus thawj kws txawj ua haujlwm yog V. I. Bazhenov. Lub phiaj xwm loj dhau los-tsim qhov loj uas nws tsim nyog los rhuav tshem ib feem ntawm Kremlin phab ntsa, ntxiv rau rhuav tshem qee yam ntawm cov txheej txheem vaj tsev ntawm Ancient Russia. Bazhenov ntseeg tias Kremlin xav tau kev tsim kho dua tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov phiaj xwm tsis tau muaj tseeb yuav los ua qhov tseeb. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub peev tau tawm mus ntev rau St. Petersburg, thiab Catherine II, uas yog tus muaj hwjchim, tsis nyiam Moscow. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev sim ntawm kev tsim kho loj ntawm Kremlin tau ua ob peb zaug, tab sis qee yam tsis dhau mus ua tej haujlwm.
Kauj Ruam 9
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua tshiab, cov neeg nyob hauv Russia tau pib pom lub Kremlin ua lub cim keeb kwm. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, ntau lub tsev raug rhuav tshem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw, piv txwv li, Heraldic Gate, ib feem ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm Ascension Monastery, Trinity Compound thiab lwm yam. Napoleon, tawm hauv Moscow tom qab kev ntes, yuam kom tsoo lub Kremlin. Cov khauj khaum ntawd tau tawm mus ua qhov kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua, Nikolskaya Ntauwd tau nrhiav cov khoom ua haujlwm Gothic; kev sib tw pob yeej tshwm nyob ib ncig ntawm Arsenal, rov ua tiav los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm Mironovsky, Bakarev thiab Tamansky. Lub Kremlin raug ua tiav tag nrho tsuas yog 1836 xwb.
Kauj ruam 10
Txij xyoo 1839 mus txog 1849, kev tsim kho ntawm Grand Kremlin Palace txuas ntxiv mus. Vim tias qhov no, lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws thiab ntau lub kaum voos lwm lub tsev yuav tsum tau muab rhuav pov tseg. Terem Palace, Me kub thiab Faceted Chambers los ua ib feem ntawm txoj kev tshiab palace ua txoj haujlwm.
Kauj ruam 11
Tshaj li 50 xyoo tom ntej, Kremlin xyaum tsis hloov nws qhov tsos. Xyoo 1917, Kremlin tau raug mob los ntawm kev tua phom loj. Moscow dua ua qhov peev ntawm lub teb chaws. Txij xyoo 1918, Soviet cov thawj coj tau nyob hauv lub nroog Moscow Kremlin.
Kauj ruam 12
Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov pej xeem zoo sib xws tau thov kom tsoomfwv tsis txhob hem ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov tuam tsev txuas ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov tsev, raws li kev kwv yees ntawm keeb kwm K. Mikhailov tau rhuav tshem. Kaum ob lub tsev tau "txhim kho": lub tsev kho mob tau qhib hauv Chudov Monastery, chav noj mov rau pej xeem hauv chav Faceted Chamber, thiab lub club rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Soviet cov tsev hauv lub tsev me Nikolaevsky Palace.
Kauj ruam 13
Thaum Lub Caij Ua Rog Loj, muaj ntau lub foob pob tawg rau ntawm Kremlin, tab sis lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj, vim tag nrho cov chaw tau ua tib zoo saib. Nyob hauv lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm xyoo pua 20, cov nplais nplaum ntawm cov vaj tse tau hloov nrog cov ntawv hlau, qhov chaw nco "Qhov ntxa ntawm Cov Tub Ntiag Tsis Txaus" raug teeb tsa. Hauv 90s, los ntawm txoj cai ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias, txoj haujlwm kho kom zoo-loj tau ua tiav: cov yees thiab phab ntsa tau raug kho, qee lub tuam tsev tau rov qab los.
