Tus xaum yooj yim hu ua tus xaum yooj yim vim tias nws sau nrog graphite zoo tib yam tsis muaj qhov sib ntxiv ntawm dyes. Nws kuj yog yooj yim vim tias nws yooj yim, nws yog qhov yooj yim rau lawv sau thiab nws tsuas yog yooj yim rau kev rho tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov kev ua ub no.
Keeb kwm ntawm tus cwj mem yooj yim rov qab mus ntau dua ib puas xyoo. Rau qhov kev tsim tawm no, tib neeg tshuav nqi ntau rau Cumberland cov yaj, uas tau txhuam lawv sab tiv thaiv cov pob zeb ntawm cov pob zeb hauv zos thiab rov qab los rau lawv cov npiv uas muaj cov ntaub plaub. Qhov no tau pom los ntawm cov neeg yug yaj, tom qab ntawd yug tsiaj ntawm "pob zeb tsis huv" pib siv rau kev tsim cov xaum qhuav yooj yim.
Vim li cas lawv hu ua yooj yim
Yooj yim - vim tias feem ntau muaj, nrog ib tus qauv yooj yim tsis muaj qhov sib ntxiv ntawm zas xim. Txhua tus so tau muab faib ua cov xim, thee lossis tshuaj, uas yog, lawv cov qauv ntau dua, xav tau ntxiv cov dyes.
Thaum xub thawj, tib neeg sau nrog cov ntawv dawb huv uas tau txiav los ntawm cov pob zeb hais hauv Askiv thiab tau qhwv. Thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1761 Cov neeg German tau qhib lub Hoobkas, uas tau pib tsim cov xaum peb tau siv rau, tau muab khi rau hauv lub plhaub ntoo. Txawm hais tias txawm tias cov tuam txhab lag luam txuas ntxiv ntseeg tias tus cwj mem xaum tau ua los ntawm txhuas, thiab nws tsuas yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim tias cov ntxhia, kawm thiab tau ntim rau hauv lub plhaub ntoo, tau muab lub npe "graphite".
Hauv txhua qhov kev sim txuas ntxiv thiab kev sim, graphite tau muab qhov xav tau qhov nyuaj lossis qhov muag muag los ntawm kev ntxiv av nplaum, hmoov txhuv, soot, dej, thiab lwm yam. Niaj hnub no, ntawm txhua tus xaum koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov nyuaj thiab muag muag, piv txwv li, khij " T "lossis Latin" H "txhais tau hais tias tus xaum qhuav yog tawv," M "lossis" B "- mos, thiab" TM "lossis" HB ", ntsig txog, tawv-muag.
Rau kev tsim lub cev ntawm tus cwj mem yooj yim, siv cov ntoo sib txawv, ntau thiab ntau cov yas siv rau hauv qhov peev xwm no, txawm tias cov khoom lag luam feem ntau tau los ntawm Siberian cedar. Yog li hais tias yav tom ntej cov khoom tiav tsis tawg thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom ntse nws, ntoo yog impregnated nrog paraffin hauv cov koog tshwj xeeb - autoclaves. Tom qab ntawd, ntoo dhau ntawm txheej txheem ziab khaub ncaws. Nws yog qhov yooj yim pom tau tias graphite pas nrig hauv tus cwj mem yooj yooj yim yog thav ob ntawm ob tog ntawm glued cov laug cam. Cov no kuj yog nta ua khoom lag luam.
Xim xaum
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov xaum li no txawv tsis yog ntxiv rau qhov sib ntxiv xim, tab sis kuj siv rau lub tshuab tua hluav taws xob: graphite hauv cov xaum yooj yim raug rho tawm ob zaug, thiab cov sib xyaw rau cov pas nrig ntawm cov xim zoo li qub nkag mus rau hauv lub cub tawg ib zaug xwb.
Nws ntseeg tau hais tias xaum ntawv kuj tseem hu tau yooj yim vim tias lawv tau hais kom yooj yim thiab nws yooj yim heev kom kos kab nrog lawv ntawm daim ntawv. Thiab tseem vim tias txoj kev taug no tuaj yeem yooj yim lwv nrog qhov lwv uas zoo tib yam, uas tsis yooj yim sua ntawm cov tshuaj muaj xim thiab xaum qhuav.
