Feem ntau ntawm cov pos hniav zom, tsis txhob tiv thaiv cov hniav thiab cov pos hniav uas tau cog lus los ntawm cov lag luam ntau, muaj qhov tsis zoo rau lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub qhov ncauj, ua rau kom cov hniav lwj thiab lwm yam kab mob. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem tivthaiv hauv lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem muaj tseeb hais tias kev zom khoom qab zib tuaj yeem pab koj kom tshem tawm cov ntxhiab tsw phem, ntxuav koj lub qhov ncauj, thiab pab kom koj mob siab rau.
Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov quav hniav ua si
Qhov qauv ntawm cov zom zom niaj hnub no twb muaj nyob hauv Pob Zeb Hnub Nyoog, ces tib neeg sib xyaw cov xyoob ntoo ntawm cov ntoo nrog ntoo thiab zom qhov sib tov sib xyaw. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov pos hniav los ntawm kev iab heev, qee zaum ntxiv zib ntab ntxiv rau nws. Yog li lawv tau ntxuav thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov hniav. Cov neeg Greek tau siv cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo mastic lossis beeswax rau cov laj thawj no. Cov neeg Maya pab pawg roj hmab, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv Siberia tau zom taum.
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau cov pov thawj ntawm cov ntawv qub ntawm cov zom zom, nws ntseeg tau tias nws tau tsim thiab tsim los ntawm American William Finley Semple. Nws tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, 1869. Lub patent tau muab rau kev tsim ua ke ntawm roj hmab nrog xaum, hluav ncaig, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsw qab. Semple ntseeg hais tias nws cov pos hniav yuav siv tau ntev, tsawg kawg ib hlis. Tus kws tshawb nrhiav tseem tsis tau koom nrog kev zom cov zom zom hauv kev lag luam ntau.
Thawj qhov cuab yeej siv rau kev zom khoom qab zib yog tsim nyob rau xyoo 1871 los ntawm American Thomas Adams. Nws qhib nws tus kheej kev lag luam thiab tsim nws ua tiav. Hauv USSR, kev zom zom khaub noom pib tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970.
Kev zom khoom qab zib tsim ntau ntau
Feem ntau zom khaub noom muaj cov khoom xyaw li hauv qab no:
- latex - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pos hniav;
- flavors, ntuj thiab zoo ib yam rau lawv;
- dyes;
- khoom qab zib: qab zib, acesulfame-K, aspartame, sorbitol lossis silitol.
Cov zom zom ua ua khoom siv ua chaw tov ua pa. Ib lub hauv paus tau nteg hauv nws, hauv cov lus sib xyaw uas tsawg kawg 80% ntawm cov roj hmab. Thaum lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem kneading, qee cov khoom qab zib ntxiv rau qhov loj (sorbitol yog cov khoom qab zib uas nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov zom zom niaj hnub no). Qee zaum cov tuam txhab tsim cov tshuaj ntxiv xws li calcium, vitamin C, carbomite (ib yam khoom uas ntxiv dag zog rau cov hniav) thiab txhua hom tsw qab rau cov khoom.
Cov theem tom ntej yog dov. Ib hom khob noom cookie hauv cov txheej tuab ntog hauv qhov extruder (cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws thiab pom lub hom phiaj rau lub dov dov), thiab nws tawm tawm nyias thiab nrog tus cim thaj tsam ntawm yav tom ntej pads. Tom qab ntawd, tsis pub dhau 2 hnub, lub khob noom cookie tau pub kom khom, tawv. Tom qab ntawd, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb txiav nws ua nyias qhov.
Cov ntawv ci ntawm cov pos hniav zom, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau hiab lub npov twb sib cais lawm. Cov txheej txheem ci ntsa iab yog ntev heev - nws siv sijhawm tsawg kawg 8 teev. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom yog ziab hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd txhua qhov seem yog los txheeb thiab pob cov khoom tau txais rau hauv pob. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim txiaj rau lawv lub koob npe zoo yog lub luag haujlwm rau theem kawg, vim tias tsuas yog ua rau cov pos hniav zoo nkauj yuav tsum tau txais ntawm lub khw muag khoom txee.
