Phau ntawv yog txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib kis thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv cov tau los ua tau nrog cov tshwm sim ntawm kev sau ntawv hauv 5th-4 xyoo txhiab BC. Txij li lub sijhawm ntawd, kev txawj ntse tau tso siab rau qhov foos qhov ncauj ntawm lawv qhov kev sib kis, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej tau ua tiav sai. Cov kev hloov pauv txuas ntxiv hauv cov phau ntawv yog ncaj qha ntsig txog kev txhim kho hauv zej zog thiab thev naus laus zis.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Sau ntawv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txheej xwm txheej puag thaum ub ntawm Mesopotamia, siv cov khoom siv tau zoo li no cov ntsiav tshuaj av nplaum thiab tawv ntoo rau kev sau ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv thawj zaug tau cuam tshuam txog kev sau txiag lag luam.
Kauj ruam 2
Thawj qhov kev hloov pauv loj hauv phau ntawv yog txuam nrog kev tsim tawm ntawm papyrus hauv tebchaws Iziv, nws tso cai sau cov lus ntev ntawm ib qho xov nruab nrab uas coj mus rau thaj chaw me me, vim tias ib daim ntawv ntawm papyrus tuaj yeem ua ke rau ib qho thiab cov phau ntawv tawm tuaj yeem yog dov mus ua ib daim ntawv nyias. Hauv tebchaws Iziv, papyrus phau ntawv tau siv rau cov ntaub ntawv teev nyiaj txiag, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm kuj raug sau cia.
Kauj ruam 3
Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 10 BC, cov neeg soj ntsuam nqa cov ntaub ntawv papyrus rau Ancient Tim Nkij teb chaws. Cov neeg Greek kuj tau muab lub suab Phoenician ua lub hauv paus ntawm lawv cov ntawv sau thiab txhim kho nws los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tsiaj ntawv rau cov suab cov suab. Kev sau ntawv tam sim no yooj yim dua. Hauv tim Nkij teb chaws, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Loos, cov tsev qiv ntawv loj tau tshwm sim nrog ntau phav phav phau ntawv sau ua papyri. Cov phau ntawv tau pib sau ntau cov ntaub ntawv - kev xav tswv yim thiab kev tshawb fawb, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kos duab.
Kauj ruam 4
Roman phau ntawv papyrus yog ib daim ntawv lo nrog cov qij nyob ntawm qhov kawg, nrog cov ntawv papyrus scroll ntawm nws, xws li phau ntawv muaj daim tawv tawv nrog cov ntawv ci. Tsev muag ntawv muag khoom twb muaj nyob hauv lub nroog Loos thaum ub. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv lub nroog Loos puag thaum ub, tau siv tshuaj ntsiav ciab, lawv tau siv rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev thiab hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv tau dhau los ua tsis tsim nyog, lawv tsuas tau yaj thiab ua kom siv quav ciab siv rau cov ntsiav tshuaj tshiab huv.
Kauj ruam 5
Nyob hauv thawj ib puas xyoo AD, cov cim tau tshwm sim, zoo ib yam li cov phau ntawv niaj hnub no, hauv cov ntawv ntawm papyrus tau stitched ua ke hauv ib phau ntawv sau. Xws li cov ntawv sau xa tawm tsuas yog siv los ntawm xyoo pua koob thib 3, thaum ntau parchment ntau (tshwj xeeb kho tawv) tau siv rau kev sau ntawv. Qhov hloov ntawm cov ntawv sau nrog cov ntawv luam tawm tseem cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb tias cov ntseeg Vajtswv tau dhau los ua kev ntseeg lub ntsiab ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws.
Kauj Ruam 6
Thaum pib ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov ntawv sau hloov kiag cov ntawv papyrus. Cov phau ntawv tau tsim thiab theej tawm hauv cov tsev teev ntuj. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 8, cov pov thawj tau pib siv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov lus, uas ua rau nws yooj yim nyeem cov ntawv nyeem. Thaum pib ntawm xyoo txhiab ob AD, daim ntawv tuaj rau Tebchaws Europe los ntawm Asia, cov phau ntawv ua pheej yig dua thiab muaj kev nkag tau yooj yim dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Tsaus Ntuj Hnub Kawg tau xaus, cov tebchaws tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe, kev xav txog science tau nthuav dav, thiab muaj cov phau ntawv ntau thiab ntau dua. Hauv Arab lub ntiaj teb, qee lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj txog li plaub puas txhiab tagnrho.
Kauj Ruam 7
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua mus. VIII, Europeans tau txais txoj kev xaiv ntoo ntoo txawv, thiab nws tau yooj yim dua rau kev luam ntawv cov ntawv. Thaum kawg, hauv xyoo pua 15, Gutenberg tsim cov xovxwm luam tawm. Cov ntsiab lus cais tawm tau pib ua cov hlau, tam sim no lawv tuaj yeem siv tau ntau zaus. Typography tau ua phau ntawv kom siv tau ntau dua.
Kauj ruam 8
Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tau tsim cov ntawv rau ntawm lub Hoobkas nias. Kev ncig nce tau nce mus rau theem tsis tau muaj siab nyiam. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov phau ntawv tau nce, yog li ntawd txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus, raws li nws tau los ua ntau thiab nyuaj los qeeb ncua cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm.
Kauj Ruam 9
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Is Taws Nem thiab e-phau ntawv yog qhov kawg theem hauv kev txhim kho phau ntawv. Cov ntawv hauv phau ntawv yog fading mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, tib neeg nce siv tshuab hluav taws xob rau kev nyeem ntawv thiab khaws cia cov phau ntawv.
